The Seperation of Powers and the American Constitution Essay

The Seperation of Powers and the American Constitution When the founding fathers wrote the Constitution they came up with a revolutionary idea which is known as the seperation of powers. This incorperated a system which protected the principles on which the constitution was based, such as avoiding tyranny and forming a more perfect union. The way the seperation of powers work is known as vertical and horizontal. The vertical seperation of powers has three different branches, the Federal government, the state governments and the much smaller local governments. The local governments consist of a mayor, councils and county courts, these would ytake care of things such as legislation on parking†¦show more content†¦There are powers though that can not be taken away from any of these three branches meaning all have been limited. To prevent the federal, state or maybe even local governments taking control of the country, the power sharing is broken down further. All three of the above braches have another three branches, these are the executive, legislature and the judiciary. All three use a system known as Checks and Balances, this allows one of the the branches to be watched over and checked on by the other two branches . This works well as the Supreme Courtprotects the constitution by ruling on whether or not a bill is constitutional or unconstitutional. There are downsides to the Checks and Balances as was seen in 1995 during the Appropreations Crisis when government shut down for two weeks as Congress and the, then, President Clinton could not agree over the Appropreations Bill. There is also the Line Item Veto which came from the Appropreations Crisis, this allowed the Presidentto veto sentences or paragraphsthat he did not like, this was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court even though it mad e for more effective government. 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Essay about Drug Abuse - 895 Words

Drug Abuse An estimated 10.4 million Americans aged 12 and over have used methamphetamine at least once in their lifetime. What exactly is methamphetamine? Also named crank, speed, crystal or ice, it is a white, odorless powder that dissolves with water or alcohol. Methamphetamine addiction is one of the most difficult addictions to get treated. Methamphetamine first started in Germany around 1887. During World War 2 this drug was used to keep the men going. In the 1950s and 60’s this drug was given to people who wanted to lose weight. By the 70’s it became a cure for people who wanted to stay awake, loose weight, help with mild depression and to increase athletic performance. But by the mid-1980’s the Drug Enforcement Agency was†¦show more content†¦This occurs at the end of the binge, tweaking is the most dangerous stage because it is the most obvious to law enforcement and the people around the user. Crash is what happens next, during the crash all t he user wants is sleep. The crash can last up to 3 days. After the crash occurs the user will have a normal stage. The normal stage can last up to 14 days or be as little as 3. The last stage of methamphetamine is Withdraw during this stage all the user wants’ is more. Usually 30-90 days will pass until the user realizes he/she is in the withdraw stage. There are many effects as to what this drug can do to the body and the people around someone who is using. As you can imagine this drug will tear a family apart, and also tear the user’s body apart. Methamphetamine has long-term effects and short term effects. Some short-term effects include shutting down your brain’s sleep, hunger and thirst centers. Other effects include confusion, non-stop talking, anxiety, paranoia and aggressiveness. All though those side effects are treatable this drug just makes whoever is using want more, and by doing that a user will have long-term effects. Those effects include wanting more, cardiovascular problems that result in rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, and irregular heart rate. Users will even eventually start seeing â€Å"Crank Bugs†. This is the feeling that a user gets when you have been doing meth for awhile, users feel as if there are bugs crawling under your skin.Show MoreRelatedDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). 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Legacy Technology Security Issues

Question: Discuss about theLegacy Technology Security Issues. Answer: Introduction Legacy technology in the context of computers connotes to such computer system, programming language or the software which has become outdated, redundant and obsolete but is still in use by people and organizations instead of getting the same updated to the latest version. A technologys legacy is not specifically decided by the age but may also be referred basis the lack of support from the technology merchant or a system that is no longer capable of meeting the entities requirements. Due to the lack of upgradation of the old systems with the latest edition, it poses certain security risks as well. Security is the biggest concern for all organizations because of which legacy systems should be upgraded on a continuous basis as old technology is more susceptible to being hacked because of ease for the hackers to get inside systems which are still running on the older versions of the operating systems. The same is so as the security upgradation has not been done to the level required. The said danger all the more enhances if the vendor does not provide latest versions on a timely basis. Cyber attackers are more inclined towards hacking the application layer of the systems. Software applications which were tested in the year 2013 found that more than ninety percent of it was hit by security issues. Furthermore if the software provider is not up to date then the organization is more vulnerable towards security risks. Thus it is easy for the hackers to enter into computer systems which are sill deploying the older versions of hardware and software applications (Goldstein, 2015). More so, the vendors are not interested in developing the upgrade versions of the older systems simply because the same will deter the newer applications from capturing the market. Although it s considered that terminals which are of no use now may seem to be more safe as compared to the modern applications since its usage is restricted by the application and is highly command driven but even though this closed system poses to be more secure but the same is not ultimate if the actual purpose is only defeated i.e. the organizations to cope up with the changing business environment. The old systems easily accept the inputs from various people without getting the same validated. Due to the same the developer of the codes write such codes which has the ability to interpret whatever the user enters (Laney et.al. 2004). However there may be situations wherein these developers may miss out something in the code string which would provide a path to the hackers to enter some undesirable values due to which the entire computer system may run down leading to a loss of considerable information. The legacy technological systems no longer serve the purpose of the organizations, especially those who work on a global platform. For them security is of much importance whether it is security against crashing down of the system or against the possible attackers and the hackers of the confidential information as it has great reputational value. The organizations who believe in restoring their legacy systems should make efforts to ensure that the modern security hooks are successfully applied to the older versions computers, but the same is not possible for all host applications due to reasons such as the vendor only stopped the product in totality or discontinued its operations. For example if a company has tailored its legacy version to a great extent then upgrading the same would call for tailoring the entire customisation again. If any patch is missed out then it becomes more difficult to roll out the next patch (Lehmann, 2015). The organizations are seen to suffer with regards security of their important information and data both internally and externally and the legacy systems are more vulnerable; to security infringes because of lack of coping up with the new and emerging security needs. Due to the same one of the most preferred ways for securing the data and information stored in the host computer is to develop a secure terminal emulation system which would primarily focus upon modernising the legacy host application and thus resolve the security issues. Legacy technology security issues are a matter of greater concern in this era of technological advancement due to varying causes. The cost involved in updating the older versions to which the vendor has not provided an upgrade is very high. Secondly protection of the information of the customers such as their credit card information for organizations who processes such data is of utmost importance (Weiss, 2012). Thus it is crucial for them to employ the vendor-supplied critical security patches but unfortunately all emulators do not support such patches i.e. PCI DSS requirements due to which working on the legacy systems poses security threats both to the customers and to the business houses as well. Furthermore, the legacy terminals are more susceptible to virus attacks. For example as per Microsoft, the older version of Windows XP is more exposed to virus attacks than the latest versions of Windows. Thus it is very clear from the above example that legacy is a problem both with regards the security and innovation. Switching over to Windows 7 may be a difficult task for the organizations that have a huge number of systems deployed (Zoufaly, 2002). Thus it is very clear that upgradation is the best option available to fight against the security threats posed by the legacy systems. But all the legacy systems do not offer the privilege of upgradation due to the upgraded path being blocked or the cost is too high. At the same time it is not possible to get away of the said system, in such a scenario other means have to be adopted so as to enable mitigation of risk. Such as sandboxing of a platform which is highly susceptible to risks via virtualisation. Thus makes the entire system isolated against the other systems of the firm. Oracle Virtual box is one such software which enables emulation of the Windows 95 or the XP with the legacy applications within a self contained window on the latest system which is more secure and less risky (Korolov, 2014). The said virtual system can be kept away from the accessibility of the outsiders or some specific insiders as well. Second method that can be used by the legacy technology to mitigate the security threats is creation of effective patches which can deal with the known weakness upstream of the risky application. Such as the legacy database products are more susceptible to the SQL Injection attacks wherein an enquiry which has been sent to the information block gets into the language rules of the application software and modifies important data which was otherwise kept confidential. In such a scenario the virtual patches play a very important role. The said patch comprises of certain rules in a firewall packet inspector or the server which scans and detects the SQL Injection Syntax and immediately takes action by jamming the application before it reaches the legacy product being aimed at (Campara, Mansourov, 2008). On a concluding note it is very evident that legacy systems pose high security threats and fighting the same is also complex. The older versions are more risky due to security lapses such as easy accessibility by the malware attackers, lack of vendor support due to which updates are unavailable, the older systems are less security threatscape as at that point of time security threats were not at such an advanced stage, the security patches are not available for all the older versions of the systems and most striking is the fact that some legacy products both software and hardware run only in a legacy environment which makes it more vulnerable to security threats as the organizations are by default forced to continue its usage for specific information. Although methods are being deployed to fight the same yet it is at a very nascent stage and needs further development. References: Campara, D., Mansourov, N., (2008), How to Tackle security issues in large existing/ legacy systems while maintaining development priorities. Technologies for Homeland Security. Goldstein, P., (2015), Legacy Federal IT Systems Are a Ticking Time Bomb of Risks, Available at https://www.fedtechmagazine.com/article/2015/12/legacy-federal-it-systems-are-ticking-time-bomb-risks (Accessed 17th October 2016) Korolov, M., (2014), Forgotten risks hide in legacy systems, Available at https://www.csoonline.com/article/2139382/data-protection/forgotten-risks-hide-in-legacy-systems.html (Accessed 17th October 2016) Laney, R.C., Linden, J.V.D., Thomas, P., (2004), Evolution of Aspects for Legacy System Security Concerns, Available at https://aosd.net/workshops/aosdsec/2004/AOSDSEC04_Janet_VanderLinden.pdf (Accessed 17th October 2016) Lehmann, A., (2015), The Challenges of Maintaining a Legacy system, Available at https://blogs.askcts.com/2015/04/07/the-challenges-of-an-internal-app-support-team/ (Accessed 17th October 2016) Weiss, A., (2012), The Hidden Security Risks of Legacy Software, Available at https://www.esecurityplanet.com/patches/the-hidden-security-risks-of-legacy-software.html (Accessed 17th October 2016) Zoufaly, F., (2002), Issues and Challenges Facing Legacy Systems, Available at https://www.developer.com/mgmt/article.php/1492531/Issues-and-Challenges-Facing-Legacy-Systems.htm (Accessed 17th October 2016)

NAVIGATING A SUCCESSFUL PROPOSAL PROCESS PART 3 OF 3 - The Writers For Hire

NAVIGATING A SUCCESSFUL PROPOSAL PROCESS: PART 3 OF 3 The Proposal Team Kick-Off Before your team meets, distribute the RFP to all members. Instruct them to read it from cover to cover and come to the meeting with questions. After all, you’re not the only one who should be preparing. 2. Choose the proposal management software If the proposal is extensive and/or requires many different hands, you’ll want to consider software to help you manage the process. Your company may already use a certain project management program. But be aware that there are software applications designed specifically for answering RFPs. Capterra, a website with the byline â€Å"The Smart Way to Find Business Software† has compiled a list called Top Proposal Management Software Products. It includes the names, reviews (when available), and links to the websites for 95 web-based and installed applications. The list offers the capability filter your choices and select and compare products. You will likely not have the time to weigh all these choices before your kickoff, but keep in mind that there are many tools available to help you. It would be well worth your time to research these options before an RFP crosses your desk if your company is considering bidding on any proposals in the future 3. Decide how the various sections and related documents will be reviewed Will you simply email drafts and versions to your team? If the proposal is small enough, this might be sufficient. But for complex projects, consider document management software such as SharePoint ® or a repository such as Google Docs where contributors can add and review content. Of the 95 proposal management software products listed on Capterra, 42 include a content repository and document management. 4. Go through the RFP again Make a list of every project deliverable. Outline the terms used in the RFP that may need clarification with your team. The RFP may have a glossary of terms, but there may be other jargon in the RFP that is unique to its issuer. 5. Create a spreadsheet that lists every deliverable in the RFP Even if you have RFP project management software, the experts we consulted still recommend a good old-fashioned master spreadsheet. A spreadsheet offers an at-a-glance overview of what you’ll need to produce and shows team members the status of each action item. Plus, even the most tech-averse on your team will usually be comfortable with spreadsheets. â€Å"Include columns where a name or names will be placed beside every deliverable,† says Carey Miller, a professional writer who has project managed dozens of RFPs. â€Å"Add column heads for project milestones, due dates, and reviewers for the initial drafts as well as reviewers for the final package.† Please feel free to use our spreadsheet template to get you started. Conducting the Kick-Off Meeting Your team members must be absolutely clear about their roles, deliverables, and deadlines when they leave the first meeting. It’s also critical that you cover certain rules of the game, so they’ll understand the company’s RFP process and some best practices in proposal writing. Cover the topics that follow for a successful meeting. 1. Address the team members' questions about the RFP When you circulated the RFP, you asked that team members come prepared with their questions about the RFP. Address those questions up front so that they’re not interfering with people’s concentration during the other meeting topics. 2. Assign team members their roles As each team member is assigned a role, clarify the responsibilities associated with that role. 3. Place a name or names in the column besides each deliverable Go over the spreadsheet, one deliverable at a time. Determine whether the Subject Matter Expert (SME) will write it or if someone else will write the section using information provided by the SME. Miller notes that the writer should be clear about the point person for information: â€Å"With an unusually complex proposal, there may be several point persons for various sections.† 4. Establish the reviewer for each section The reviewer’s name may appear in multiple rows, depending on how many deliverables are in a section and how many sections that reviewer is qualified to review. Hewitt stresses, â€Å"Designate reviewer(s) for the various sections and the reviewers for the packaged proposal. The drafts can be reviewed by multiple SMEs; the finished package should be reviewed by only a small set of key players.† 5. Establish a timeline In Winning Library Grants, A Game Plan, Herbert B. Landau writes, â€Å"To ensure that the deadline will be met, I start with the proposal delivery date and work backwards to the present.† \ Build in a pad in case something unexpected results in a project slowdown. Landau also suggests, â€Å"To allow for all contingencies, set the date to have the complete proposal, including all forms, the narrative, the budget, and all attachments, at least four days before the day the proposal must be submitted.† Include each of the following milestones in your timeline: The completion date for the initial draft of each section or part thereof (according to the list of deliverables) The completion date for the initial review by one or more SMEs The completion date for incorporating the requested changes into the initial draft The completion dates for any additional review cycles The required submission date for the budget numbers and any attachments The completion date of the draft of the packaged proposal The completion date of the package review The completion date for incorporating review revisions The completion date of the final proofreading (ideally set at four or more days before proposal delivery) Tip: Build in as much time as possible for the proposal writer to organize and format the information, write the executive summary and conclusion, ensure that everything in the RFP has been addressed, incorporate the required dollar amounts, and ensure that the proposal reads as though one person wrote it. If there is a particularly tight deadline for proposal submission, consider insisting on very tight deadlines for reviews. 6. Distribute and discuss your list of terms in the RFP and their definitions as they apply to the contract This will ensure that, in echoing the lingo of the RFP, the terms will be accurately and consistently applied by your team. 7. Explain how documents will be reviewed and progress tracked As the leader of this meeting you should have a clear idea from your pre-meeting planning as to how these processes will flow. 8. Discuss lessons learned Consider including a brief review of lessons learned by previous proposal teams. You may have conducted lessons-learned reviews following other proposals, but, depending on how long it’s been or whether there are members who didn’t participate on those teams, it may be helpful to review a few of them now. CONGRATULATIONS! You have successfully put the proposal process in motion. You have scrutinized and absorbed the RFP, captured the requirements, consulted various key players, anticipated and worked through potential roadblocks, made critical project management decisions, initiated a team, and put the team in motion.